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''The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man'' is a 1962 book by Marshall McLuhan, in which he analyzes the effects of mass media, especially the printing press, on European culture and human consciousness. It popularized the term ''global village'',〔McLuhan 1962, p.31: "But certainly the electro-magnetic discoveries have recreated the simultaneous "field" in all human affairs so that the human family now exists under conditions of a "global village.""〕 which refers to the idea that mass communication allows a village-like mindset to apply to the entire world; and ''Gutenberg Galaxy'',〔Note that Marshall McLuhan himself states quite clearly that "although the main theme of this book is the Gutenberg Galaxy or a configuration of events, which lies far ahead of alphabet and of scribal culture, it needs to be known why, without alphabet, there would have been no Gutenberg. McLuhan 1962, p.40"〕 which we may regard today to refer to the accumulated body of recorded works of human art and knowledge, especially books. McLuhan studies the emergence of what he calls Gutenberg Man, the subject produced by the change of consciousness wrought by the advent of the printed book. Apropos of his axiom, "The medium is the message," McLuhan argues that technologies are not simply inventions which people employ but are the means by which people are re-invented. The invention of movable type was the decisive moment in the change from a culture in which all the senses partook of a common interplay to a tyranny of the visual. He also argued that the development of the printing press led to the creation of nationalism, dualism, domination of rationalism, automatisation of scientific research, uniformation and standardisation of culture and alienation of individuals. Movable type, with its ability to reproduce texts accurately and swiftly, extended the drive toward homogeneity and repeatability already in evidence in the emergence of perspectival art and the exigencies of the single "point of view". He writes: :''the world of visual perspective is one of unified and homogeneous space. Such a world is alien to the resonating diversity of spoken words. So language was the last art to accept the visual logic of Gutenberg technology, and the first to rebound in the electric age.''〔McLuhan 1962, p.136〕 ==The format of the book—a ''mosaic''== The book is unusual in its design. McLuhan described it as one which "develops a mosaic or field approach to its problems".〔(McLuhan 1962, first line of the unnamed preface on "page 0")〕 The mosaic image to be constructed from data and quotations would then reveal "causal operations in history".〔(McLuhan 1962, p.0)〕 The book consists of 5 parts: * Prologue,〔McLuhan 1962, p.1〕 * The Gutenberg Galaxy,〔McLuhan 1962, p.11-263〕 * The Galaxy Reconfigured,〔McLuhan 1962, p.265-79. The full title of this "epilogue" is "THE GALAXY RECONFIGURED or the Plight of Mass Man in an Individualist Society.〕 * Bibliographic Index,〔McLuhan 1962, p.281-89〕 * Index of Chapter Glosses.〔McLuhan 1962, p.291-94〕 The main body of the book, part 2, "The Gutenberg Galaxy", consists of 107 short "chapters", many of which are just three, two, or even one page(s) in length. Such a large collection of small chapters does fit the picture of a mosaic. Apparently, McLuhan also had some ideas about how to browse a book. "Marshall McLuhan, the guru of The Gutenberg Galaxy (1962), recommends that the browser turn to page 69 of any book and read it. If you like that page, buy the book."〔John Sutherland 2006.〕 Such apparent arbitrariness fits with picking a particular piece (or part) of a mosaic and deciding if you like it. Certainly the McLuhan test can be applied to the Gutenberg Galaxy itself. Doing so will reveal a further insight into the purpose of his own book.〔"To show by exactly what historical process (man has desacralized his world and assumed a profane existence" ) was done is the theme of The Gutenberg Galaxy." McLuhan 1962, p.69〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Gutenberg Galaxy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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